Aristotle was the founder of formal logic and many other fields of knowledge. His theory of syllogism has had a great influence on the history of Western thought. Mencius and Aristotle were contemporaries. Mencius is an argumentative yet ethical thinker; the book of Mencius provides us with logical and persuasive debates on virtues and human nature. For both Aristotle and Mencius, the logic of arguments and the art of rhetoric are the chief weapons in the service of truth. In this course, we explore: (a) the basic concepts of logical thinking and the art of rhetoric, and (b) the cultural and philosophical values exhibited and implicit in Mencius and Aristotle's logical works.