中国价值观念网络的变迁(1990—2018)

中國社會的轉型在多大程度上改變了普通人的價值觀念?多數學者認為價值觀念趨于多元化，但部分學者也認為隨市場轉型可能產生價值觀區隔化或同質化。本文基于1990—2018年的6次世界價值觀調查數據，構建價值觀念的整體網絡，從觀念連接強度、社群結構特征和結構因素的解釋力三個維度測量觀念網絡的變化趨勢。結果發現，中國人的價值觀念呈多元化和穩定性并存的特征。多元化體現為觀念連接的強度下降，社群數量增加和頭部社群的占比下降，性別和階層等結構性因素對網絡結構的解釋力不變甚至有所下降，但結構性因素中教育程度的解釋力有所上升。穩定性體現在中國人在工作與家庭關系、社會信任和社會規范上的價值觀念基本穩定，僅在價值判斷上出現政治理念和個人成就的分離。綜上所述，從1990年至今，中國人的價值觀念總體上基本穩定，并呈一定的多元化趨勢。 To what extent have China's economic and social transformations changed the values of ordinary people? Most scholars believe values tend to be diversified，but some worry about polarization or homogenization in response to market transformation. Using data from six waves of World Values Surveys ( WVS) from 1990 to 2018，this paper constructs the whole network of Chinese values and measures the changing trends of the network of values in three dimensions: strength of belief connections， characteristics of community structure，and explanatory power of structural factors. The results show that Chinese values present the features of diversity and stability. Diversity is reflected in the decreasing strength of belief connections，the increasing number of communities and the decreasing share of head communities，and the constant or even decreasing explanatory power of structural factors，such as gender and class，on the network structure. However，the explanatory power of education level has increased. Stability is reflected in relatively constant Chinese values on work-family relationships，social trust，and social norms，with only a separation between political ideas and personal achievements. From 1990 to now，Chinese values have been virtually stable，showing some signs of diversity.