中国近代女性吸纸烟状况研究

女性吸纸烟是清末民国时期中国的一幅独特社会图景。自1900年至1949年，女性吸烟者大多分布在以上海为中心的东南沿海大城市中，由妓女率先作为吸烟的“摩登女性”，之后家庭主妇、职业妇女甚至女学生等也加入了吸纸烟的阵营。这一时期社会上针对女性戒吸纸烟运动的言论层出不穷，其主题随着社会历史背景产生变化，但这些言论并未产生明显效果，女性吸纸烟依然是一个流行现象。这种现象产生的原因较为复杂，包括清代女性吸烟传统的延续、西方女性影响以及印刷媒体和商品观念的引导等。 Female smoking is a peculiar phenomenon in late Qing and Republican China. From 1900 to 1949, female smokers are cheifly distributed in coastal metropolis in southeast China centering in Shanghai. In these areas, modern courtesans took the leading in smoking, and later on, housewives, professional women and even female students all took part in smoking. During this period, there were endless movements and discourses about cigarette quitting which aimed particularly at women, however, they did not result in any significant effect and female smoking continued to be fashionable. The reason of this circumstance is rather complicated, e.g., the continuity of female smoking tradition in the Qing dynasty, the influence of western female, as well as the guidance of print media and commercial culture.