“二”、“兩”、“雙”： 共時及歷時層面

從語義上看，“二”、“兩”、“雙”都表示“二”這個概念。但它們的用法 有同也有不同的地方。本文第一部分將會從共時層面討論 “二”、“兩”、“雙” 的用法。討論主要集中於它們在粵語中的用法，也會指出粵語和普通話的 一些差異。“二”、“兩”、“雙”用法的範疇包括基數的定數和概數用法和序 數的用法。第二部分再從歷史層面看看“二”、“兩”、 “雙”的用法在上述範 疇中從先秦到清代的發展。結論部分會從詞彙交替和層次的角度出發，討 論“二”、 “兩”、“雙”在現代方言中呈現的異同。 In terms of meaning, e, liang and shuang all express the concept of “two”. However, they are similar, yet, also different in use. The first part of this paper discusses the synchronic uses of e, liang and shuang. The discussion focuses primarily on their uses in Yue. Differences exhibited in their uses in Yue and Mandarin are also addressed. The scope of the uses of e, liang and shuang include their use as a cardinal number (including their definite and indefinite uses) and an ordinal number. The second part of this paper traces the development concerning the above uses of e, liang and shuang from the Qin dynasty to the Qing dynasty. From the perspectives of lexical change and lexical stratum, the conclusion part discusses the similarities and differences exemplified by e, liang and shuang in various dialects.