收入不平等与公平分配：对转型时期中国城镇居民公平观的一项实证分析

通过分析２００５年中国城镇居民的调查数据发现，教育的启蒙性质能够使人超越狭隘的利己主义，从而对不平等持更加批判的态度；国有部门就业者和老年人所认可的不平等程度较低，体现了平均主义价值观的影响；地区实际的不平等程度越大，人们对不平等的认可程度越低。本研究既指出人们在减少收入不平等程度方面的普遍共识，又分析了人们认可的收入不平等程度的差异模式，从而有助于进一步理解民众如何感知和评价当前中国社会面临的日益严峻的收入不平等问题。Based on analysis of national representative data from urban China in 2005,we show that education enlightens people to go beyond their narrow self-interests, making them more critical of inequality. Due to the influence of egalitarian ideology, workers in the state sector tend to have relatively low level of tolerance of inequality than their counterparts in the private sector and old people tend to accept less inequality than young people. The greater the actual income gap is in a region, the less tolerant of inequality people are. Our findings suggest not only the general consensus about reducing the income inequality but also the differential pattern in legitimate inequality, thereby contributing to a better understanding of how ordinary people feel about and assess the rising income inequality in contemporary China.