智慧醫療——從物聯網到云計算

新型信息化技術是解決中國醫療服務需求的關鍵手段.智慧醫療是醫療信息化的重要研究方向,它融合了物聯網、云計算與大數據處理技術,以"感、知、行"為核心,旨在建立一個智能的遠程疾病預防與護理平臺."感"即以物聯網技術為基礎,利用多種傳感器實時跟蹤各種生命體征數據并通過無線網絡技術傳送到醫療數據中心,然而如何能夠長期、精確、便捷、及時、無創地采集各種人體關鍵生命體征數據是一個巨大挑戰;"知"即利用大數據存儲與處理平臺,應用數據挖掘和知識發現理論對醫療歷史數據進行建模與分析,如何從大數據信息中挖掘關鍵生理特征,可靠、快速、高效地發現早期疾病和預測健康風險,也是一個巨大挑戰;"行"即將實時跟蹤與歷史數據的分析結果,通過云服務的方式提供給醫務人員作為診療參考,或為終端用戶直接提供醫療護理方案,如何建立有效的數據模型以實現大規模復雜健康查詢的快速和準確響應,同樣也是一個巨大挑戰.本文將討論"感"、"知"、"行"所面臨的技術挑戰,并探討解決這些挑戰的可行方案. Information technology is a key to solve China’s growing demand for satisfactory medical services. Smart healthcare,which is an integration of various information technologies including Internet of Things(IoT), cloud computing,and big data processing,aims at building a remote disease prevention and care platform. There are three core components in smart healthcare:data acquisition,knowledge discovery,and remote service. ’Data acquisition’ is the process of monitoring vital signs using various medical sensors and uploading the data to a medical datacenter via wireless networks.Though data acquisition is based on mature technologies of IoT,great care must be taken in continuously collecting vital signs data which has many requirements such as high precision,low latency,and being available anytime and anywhere.’Knowledge discovery’ applies statistics, machine learning,visualization,and data mining on medical data to find out key physiological characteristics,to predict health risks,and to detect diseases early.However,the big medical data poses great challenges to the efficiency and the scalability of such data analysis.’Remote service’ offers remote treatment and care solutions to patients,or data analysis results and treatment recommendations to doctors.Undoubtedly,we are facing many challenges in providing these services requiring timely and accurate responses.In this paper,we discuss the above issues in smart healthcare and propose potential solutions.