生育率下降与中国男女教育的平等化趋势

1970 年以来，中国的生育率持续下降，在家庭层面上表现为兄弟姐妹数的减少，同时也影响了兄弟姐妹的构成，进而影响家庭对子女教育的投资以及性别间的教育差异。对2006 年综合社会调查数据的分析表明，兄弟姐妹越多，女性的受教育年数相对男性越低，尤其是在她们有兄弟的情况下。在中国，随着生育率的下降，年轻一代的性别间教育不平等相对老一代降低了。本研究显示，性别间教育不平等不仅受到国家促进男女平等政策的影响，还受到计划生育政策的影响。This paper examines the effects of sibling size and configurations on educational gender inequality in the context of fertility decline in China since the late 1970s. Fertility decline reduces sibling size and changes sibling configurations and thus bears important implications for family investment in education and educational gender inequality. Analyses of the data from Chinese General Social Survey （CGSS 2006） show that, in terms of years of schooling, women are more disadvantaged in families with more siblings, especially when they have brothers. Educational gender inequality is less severe for younger cohorts than for older cohorts due to fertility decline in China. The research demonstrates that educational gender inequality is affected not only by gender egalitarian policies but also influenced by policies designed to induce fertility decline.