粵語繼續體“落去”和開始體“起嚟”的產生

在音節數目上，粵語的“落去”和“起嚟”都是雙音節的。在語義上，它們表達以 下從實到虛的意思：趨向 > 結果／狀態 > 體貌。在語法功能上，它們擔當以下角色：補語、體貌標記、介引新信息標記。另一方面，兩者最大的分別是“起嚟”不排斥賓語，並呈現“謂 + 起 + 賓 + 嚟”形式；相反，“落去”則不能跟賓語共現，只可 以緊貼在謂詞後。本文從共時和歷時角度說明“落去”和“起嚟”的來源不一樣， 前者源自複合趨向補語，後者是由“謂＋起＋賓”和“謂＋賓＋嚟”兩個形式糅合 而成的。雖然它們有不同的來源，但是都經歷了相似的演化路徑。In Cantonese, lokheoi and heilai exhibit the following similarities: (1) They are both disyllabic. (2) They express the following lexical and grammatical meanings: direction > state/result > aspect. (3) They function as a complement, an aspect marker and a marker of new information. On the other hand, they also differ drastically in terms of their cooccurrence with an object. While it is possible for heilai to co-occur with an object, such a possibility is ruled out for lokheoi. The present study tries to show that lokheoi and helai have different origins based on their synchronic and diachronic usages. The former originated from a compound directional complement, whereas the latter was derived from combining the following two forms: “Verb + hei + Object” and “Verb + Object + lai”. Emerging from different sources, lokheoi and heilai, nevertheless, have undergone similar evolution, i.e. object deletion and grammaticalization.