“组团式”帮扶何以有效?——基于30个驻镇帮镇扶村工作队的模糊集定性比较分析

作为一种兼具资源整合优势与弹性组织特性的创新性帮扶机制，“组团式”帮扶通过系统集结多领域、多层次帮扶力量，显著提升了资源供给的规模与质量，从而强化了帮扶行动的针对性与实效性。文章基于嵌入性理论，通过对30个驻镇帮镇扶村工作队的实践案例进行深入分析，试图识别影响“组团式”帮扶成效的关键组态因素。研究发现，高成效的帮扶路径通常由多因素耦合联动形成，具体可归纳为三类典型模式；单一因素并不构成高绩效的充分或必要条件，而其最优解往往依赖于多元化的团队结构以及在合法性权威与非正式社会资本之间取得的动态平衡。回归制度本身，“组团式”帮扶机制仍须在镇村发展的“有效性”需求与帮扶行动的“专业性”供给之间寻求更深层次的契合。这要求“组团式”帮扶机制在角色定位、治理理念与工作视角等方面持续优化，以进一步增强科学性与可行性，最终将制度优势转化为乡村振兴的实际效能。
Cluster-style assistance, as an innovative poverty alleviation mechanism, combines the advantages of resource integration with the flexibility of hybrid organizational structures, thereby improving both the scale and quality of resource supply and enhancing the effectiveness of targeted support. Drawing on embeddedness theory and 30 case studies of rural assistance teams, this study employs fsQCA to identify key configurational factors influencing effectiveness. The findings reveal that high performance typically arises from the interaction of multiple factors, summarized into three distinct pathways. No single factor alone is either sufficient or necessary; rather, optimal outcomes depend on diverse team composition and dynamic balance between institutional legitimacy and informal social capital. Institutionally, cluster-style assistance must further align the demand for effective rural development with the professional supply of assistance, requiring continuous optimization in role positioning, governance philosophy, and operational perspective to enhance scientific rigor and feasibility, ultimately transforming institutional advantages into tangible outcomes for rural revitalization.