聚(1-氯-2-苯基乙炔)衍生物研究进展

Poly(disubstituted acetylenes) (PDSAs) have shown excellent performance in gas permeability, polarized light emission, and fluorescent elastomers, and therefore have attracted great attention from researchers in relevant fields. Among a variety of PDSAs, the development history of poly(1-chloro-2-phenylacetylene)s is an ideal epitome of the progress of polyacetylenes. In this mini review, from traditional polymerization catalysts of late transition metal complexes to newly developed Pd-based catalyst systems, from nonpolar substituents to various polar functional groups on monomers, from inner apolar solvents to common polar solvents as polymerization media, different aspects of the polymerization of 1-chloro-1-alkynes, especially 1-chloro-2-phenylacetylenes are retrospected with a series of examples. Meanwhile, this review lays another clue, or the efforts on pursuing for PDSAs possessing ultrahigh permeability and good separation property of gases such as H₂, N₂, O₂, CO₂ and CH₄, an utmost important application of polymer materials. The greatly enhanced tolerance to polar groups of the Pd-based catalyst systems, in contrast with the traditional catalyst complexes, allows to introduce polar functionalities and active sites into the structure of PDSAs, thereby offering the chances to tackle the problem of the very low selectivity to different gas pairs. The realistic demands for gas collection and separation prompt the development of novel catalyst systems and synthetic strategies to PDSAs with intrinsic microporous structures. Moreover, due to the unique conjugated polyene main-chain and regioregular configuration, PDSAs are conceived as one of the promising candidates for the construction of PIMs. Finally, perspectives and suggestions of the functional design and synthetic efforts are presented.