論並列連詞語法化的條件

吳福祥(2003)分析漢語方言的并列連詞與伴隨介詞的同形現象,構擬出[介詞>連詞]的語法化路徑,更指出漢語的S[PO]VO語序是觸發語法化的條件。然而,漢語語序在世界語言上是頗為罕見的。如果語序可以觸發語法化,這就很難解釋為什么在其他語言也會出現并列連詞與伴隨介詞的同形現象。本文通過比較世界上多種語言,提出產生[介詞>連詞]語法化的條件:1)如果并列結構為[A-X-B],X充當伴隨介詞時很可能置于兩個名詞性成分之間;2)如果并列結構為[A-B-X],X充當伴隨介詞時則很可能置于兩個名詞性成分之后。 F.Wu(2003)analyzed the polysemy of comitative prepositions/coordinative conjunctions and reconstructed the grammaticalization path[preposition>conjunction].He further argued that the word order in Chinese(SPOVO)is the condition to trigger this grammaticalization process.Nevertheless,according to the data from The World Atlas of Language Structures(WALS)as well as other previous typological researches,(1)the word order(SPOVO)is relatively rare,which suggests that there are many languages which fail to fulfil the condition proposed by F.Wu(2003);while(2)the polysemy of comitative adpositions/coordinative conjunctions can be observed in many languages,which suggests that comitative adpositions in many languages may have the possibility to be grammaticalized into coordinative conjunctions.If word order is indeed the condition for grammaticalization,further analysis is needed in order to account for this contradictory observation.This paper examines languages with various word order of subjects,verb phrases,adpositional phrases as well as their coordinative constructions.By comparing the language data,it is observed that there are at least two conditions to trigger the grammaticalization path[adposition>conjunction]:(i)For the coordinative construction[A-X-B]where X isthe coordinative conjunction:when X functions as a comitative adposition,it is probably placed between two nouns;(ii)For the coordinative construction[A-B-X]where X is the coordinative conjunction:when X functions as a comitative adposition,it is probably placed after two nouns.