高铁驱动中国城市郊区化的特征与机制研究 ——以京沪高铁为例

国际理论与实践表明高铁的建设能够推动城市郊区化的发展。现阶段中国高铁大规模建设，与快速城市 化同步推进，使得这一影响更为深刻和复杂。在高铁新城形成的过程中，高铁站点发挥了一个“放大器”的功能， 推动了以高铁新城为主体的城市郊区化进程。以京沪高铁为例，定性与定量相结合分析了以高铁新城为代表的 郊区化模式特征：① 大城市相对主动的郊区化；② 规划建设的规模与定位偏高；③ 迅速改变城市原有空间格局 等。从政府、市场和社会三者的角度，利用城市政体理论分析了高铁驱动城市郊区化的内在机制。最后指出高 铁对于城市郊区化的带动效应存在着选择性和不确定性，应从区域层面对高铁沿线及周边城市的定位及关系进 行协调，将高铁新城的选址、规划、开发和建设纳入到城市整体空间发展的脉络之中，同时应加强高铁新城规划 的公众参与，从而更好的利用高铁驱动中国城市郊区化的可持续发展。 The international theoretical and practical studies suggest that the construction of high-speed rail (HSR) usually influences the development of suburban area. In China, the large-scale construction of HSR, together with the rapid urbanization, makes such influence more complex and profound. In the development of HSR new town, the HSR station works as an "amplifier", thus it promotes suburbanization. In the case study of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Rail, this article takes both quantitative and qualitative approaches to explore suburbanization’s patterns in HSR new town: 1) relatively active suburbanization in major cities; 2) exorbitant scale and expectation of urban construction; 3) rapidly shifted urban forms. From the perspectives of government, market and society, this article uses urban regime theory to analyze the inter-mechanism of HSR-driven suburbanization. In conclusion, selectivity and uncertainty of HSR’s suburbanization are proposed. This article also suggests that it is important to coordinate the locations and relationships of the high-speed railway and cities along the lines at a regional level. Furthermore, the development of HSR and urban space in the new towns should be integrated, and the public participation during the planning and development of HSR new towns should be strengthened. Therefore, the goal of sustainable suburban development by HSR can be reached.