Analyzing determinants of traffic violations in a multi-cultural setting: Case of Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi, the largest emirate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has a diverse population of 2.908 million, with 81% being non-Emiratis from various global regions. This diversity in demographics introduces a complex driving environment with varying skills and experiences, particularly as the majority rely on private vehicles. Road accidents are a leading cause of death globally, with the eastern Mediterranean region, including the UAE, reporting high fatality rates. In Abu Dhabi, the unique licensing policy allows residents from certain countries to obtain a UAE license without testing, potentially contributing to traffic violations and accidents. This study examines the relationship between the UAE's licensing policies and traffic violations in Abu Dhabi using responses from 354 participants surveyed across five vehicle inspections centers, providing insights for policy improvements. We find that: 1) switching of license reports better driving behavior and fewer traffic violations in comparison to those testing for their UAE license; 2) foreign drivers from the Eastern have a lower frequency of traffic violations, which may be related to cultural differences; 3) household size, income, and education correlate with traffic violations; and 4) irritable drivers have a significantly higher frequency of violations. Our findings challenge assumptions about the risks associated with license conversion and highlight the complex interplay of sociodemographic factors, driving behaviors, and local driving knowledge in shaping traffic violation patterns.