Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to digital watermarking in three-dimensional (3D) space. A virtual-optical-imaging scheme (VOIS) as a watermarking structure is proposed to embed a watermark into a content image to construct a watermarked image in 3D space. The embedding strategy is analyzed in detail under the framework of Fourier optics, preliminary tests on the unobtrusiveness of this watermarking scheme as well as on its robustness against data manipulation, such as signal processing and geometric distortion, are also reported. Numerical simulation results show good agreement with theoretical predictions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 155-165 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Optics Communications |
| Volume | 226 |
| Issue number | 1-6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 15 Oct 2003 |
Keywords
- 3D watermark
- Digital Fresnel diffraction
- Virtual optical imaging
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