Large-Scale Electromagnetic Structure for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

This research explores the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) within a large-scale electromagnetic (EM) structure powered by innovative ambient radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting. The proposed planar Yagi antenna, designed for the GSM-900 frequency range, serves as a foundational element. Simulations reveal its efficiency, achieving a maximum gain of 5.9 dBi within the 930 to 980 MHz band. Building upon this, an 8×4 array of 32 planar Yagi antennas is devised to increase signal strength, aiming for approximately 20 dB gain. A phased-array approach with 60-degree phase shifts enhances adaptability, allowing beam tilting away from the wall. Simulations confirm a 34-degree tilt, validating the array's performance. The large-scale EM structure, with its array configuration and beamforming capabilities, presents significant promise for applications requiring heightened signal strength and adaptability. Prototyping for IoT sensor systems is underway, marking a step toward interconnected, sustainable, and intelligent environments.