Optimizing control strategies for disinfection by-products for small water supplies using ozone as an alternative disinfection process

Batch ozonation experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various operating conditions (i.e., pH, temperature, ozone dose, and additions of t-butanol, ethanol, carbonate, and hydrogen peroxide) on the formation potentials of disinfection by-products (DBPs) with waters from six different sources. Formation potentials of bromate ion, TOBr, 13 aldehydes were evaluated assuming they represent three different types of disinfection by-products during ozonation (i.e., inorganic bromine DBPs, organobromine DBPs, and non-brominated organic DBPs, respectively). Acid addition was found to be the best option among the tested options to minimize these different types of DBPs at the same time on the ozone exposure basis.