Recycling of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash into SCMs and aggregates

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) is an increasingly concerning hazardous waste due to its high levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and dioxins. Efficient and sustainable management of MSWI FA has become increasingly crucial. This chapter focuses on recent scientific and technical advancements in recycling MSWI FA as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and aggregates. Various pretreatment techniques are introduced to highlight the recycling potential of MSWI FA in the production of value-added construction materials. Furthermore, the utilization of artificial aggregates presents an innovative approach for incorporating significant quantities of solid waste, offering an alternative avenue for recycling MSWI FA. This chapter also examines the immobilization mechanisms of PTEs in both sintered and nonsintered aggregates, elucidating the reduction of leaching concentrations through volatilization, chemical immobilization, physical encapsulation, and chemical stabilization. By elucidating the scientific and technical aspects of MSWI FA recycling into SCMs and artificial lightweight aggregates, this chapter contributes to the development of sustainable waste management practices and the utilization of MSWI FA as eco-friendly construction materials.