朱熹讀書法與經典詮釋研究 = A study of Zhu Xi's reading methodology and confucian classics interpretation

Abstract

Zhu Xi was a renowned scholar in ancient China, and his contributions were not only developing Neo-Confucianism but also sharing his reading and study methods with his disciples and friends. Besides helping learners to "read" and "study", those methods also served as guidelines for learners to get moral enlightenment while reading Confucian classics, as Zhu Xi believed that classics were conveying the doctrines of the Sages. This research aims at analyzing the reading and study methods promoted by Zhu Xi, and how those methods were applied to interpret Confucian classics. Chapter One introduces the life and scholarship of Zhu Xi, and reviews previous studies related to the research scope of this research. Chapter Two discusses the reading and study methods suggested by Zhu Xi. Apart from the "Six Reading Methods", the discussion of this research also covers the methodologies mentioned by Zhu Xi in other mediums, such as letters from Zhu Xi to his friends or pupils. Chapter Three studies Zhu Xi's Four Books annotations and his conversations with disciples discussing the content and the background of the Four Books. This chapter aims to show how Zhu Xi applied his reading methods in studying and interpreting the Four Books. Chapter Four studies Zhu Xi's annotations and his conversations with disciples discussing the content and the background of the Book of Songs. This chapter aims to present Zhu Xi's opinion on how readers could get moral enlightenment from studying the poems in the Book of Songs. Chapter Five is about the background of Zhu Xi forming his ideas on learning and how Zhu Xi's ideas influenced the academic circle in later generations. This chapter also reviews several criticisms concerning Zhu Xi's reading methods by contemporary scholars. Chapter Six concludes the major observations in the above chapters. (Words Count: 298) 朱熹貴為一代通儒，除勉力治學，還注重讀書方法之分享、傳授。其中尤為人熟悉者，是「朱子讀書法」，包括「循序漸進」、「熟讀精思」、「虛心涵泳」、「切己體察」、「著緊用力」、「居敬持志」六條。不過，所謂「讀書法」並不是僅與「讀書」有關，因朱熹重視學子透過聖人言語明白義理，而儒家經典又是聖人言語之載體，所以「讀書法」雖以「讀書」為名，但與儒家經典之解讀、詮釋也有莫大關係。是以本文選取朱熹的讀書、學習方法與儒家經典詮釋為研究課題，冀能為朱熹的相關意見、教導，作較全面而連貫的敘述與分析。 第一章為引言。除簡介朱熹其人及其學術，還就本文相關研究範疇作了文獻回顧：一方面總結相關研究的觀點，另一方面指出相關研究的不足，及說明本文將會作出怎樣的補充。 第二章分析朱熹所傳授的讀書、學習方法。除以六條「朱子讀書法」為重心，本文還關注朱熹透過書信等其他媒介，所與人分享之讀書、學習、詮釋儒家經典的方法。 第三章以朱熹的《四書》注解為研究對象。透過朱熹的注釋及與生徒、友人的論學，說明朱熹的《四書》注解何以體現其自身所提倡的讀書、解經方法。 第四章以朱熹的《詩經》注解為研究對象。透過朱熹的注釋及與生徒、友人的論學，說明朱熹如何運用「折衷」、「以意逆志」、「比」、「興」解《詩》，及詩篇之「正」與「邪」何以能給讀者道德修養的啟發。 第五章分析朱熹讀書法之繼承與影響。一方面考查朱熹提出其讀書、學習方法的背景，另一方面以元、明、清代一些具「導讀」功能的著作，考查朱熹意見的影響。除此以外，本文還選取了若干較有爭議的關於朱熹讀書、學習方法的評論，作回顧與述評。 第六章為總結，就上文各部份之重點作歸納。

Date of Award	2024
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Supervisor	Charles Wing Hoi Chan (Supervisor)